What Is Iliotibial Band Syndrome?
Iliotibial band syndrome, commonly referred to as IT band syndrome, is a condition that results in pain on the outside of the knee. The iliotibial band is a thick band of fibrous tissue that runs along the outside of the thigh from the hip to the knee, providing stability to the knee joint during movement.
IT band syndrome occurs when the iliotibial band becomes irritated or inflamed due to overuse, typically from activities that involve repetitive bending and straightening of the knee, such as running, cycling, or hiking. The condition can also be caused by biomechanical imbalances, such as overpronation of the foot or weakness in the hip abductor muscles.
Symptoms of IT band syndrome include pain or aching on the outside of the knee that worsens with activity, swelling or tightness in the affected area, and a popping or clicking sensation when bending or straightening the knee.
Treatment options for IT band syndrome include rest, ice, and anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain and swelling. Stretching and strengthening exercises, particularly of the hip abductor muscles, can help correct any underlying biomechanical imbalances and prevent recurrence of the condition. In some cases, a knee brace or taping may be used to help support the knee and alleviate symptoms. Severe or persistent cases of IT band syndrome may require physical therapy or corticosteroid injections.
Cause
Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is caused by repetitive friction of the iliotibial band over the lateral femoral epicondyle, which is the bony prominence on the outside of the knee. This constant rubbing can cause irritation, inflammation, and pain. ITBS is often seen in runners and other athletes who engage in activities that involve repetitive knee bending and straightening. Other contributing factors include biomechanical imbalances such as overpronation of the foot, weakness in the hip abductor muscles, and improper training techniques.
Symptoms
Symptoms of iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) include pain and tenderness on the outside of the knee, which may worsen during activity such as running or cycling. The pain may also radiate up into the hip or down into the lower leg. In some cases, swelling or thickening of the iliotibial band may also be present. Some people with ITBS may also experience a popping or snapping sensation when bending or straightening the knee. The symptoms of ITBS are typically aggravated by activity and may improve with rest.
Treatments Of Iliotibial Band Syndrome
The aim of treating iliotibial band syndrome is to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain. Treatment options include rest, ice application, medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, foam roller myofascial release, and physical therapy. Resting the joint can help reduce inflammation, and ice packs can be applied to the affected area for 15-20 minutes, four times a day for several days, to reduce swelling and pain. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be prescribed by the doctor to reduce pain and swelling. Foam roller myofascial release can be performed using a foam roller to loosen the tight iliotibial band, while physical therapy can teach stretching exercises and techniques to loosen the tight structures. Appropriate shoes are also recommended by doctors to prevent further damage to the iliotibial band while running.