What Is An ACL Reconstruction?

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is situated in the front (anterior) of the knee and crosses (cruciate) in front of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). It is the most frequently torn ligament in the knee joint and is often seen in athletes and active individuals. Athletes who engage in activities such as running, sudden changes in direction, and abrupt stopping are at a higher risk of ACL injury.

When an ACL injury occurs, a patient may require surgery to repair the damage and restore stability and overall function to the knee. ACL surgery is often necessary to prevent the knee from giving out during physical activities and to reduce the risk of developing knee osteoarthritis.

What Is An ACL Tear?

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is situated in the front (anterior) of the knee and crosses (cruciate) in front of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). It is the most frequently torn ligament in the knee joint and is often seen in athletes and active individuals. Athletes who engage in activities such as running, sudden changes in direction, and abrupt stopping are at a higher risk of ACL injury.
When an ACL injury occurs, a patient may require surgery to repair the damage and restore stability and overall function to the knee. ACL surgery is often necessary to prevent the knee from giving out during physical activities and to reduce the risk of developing knee osteoarthritis.

What is a synthetic graft in ACL reconstruction?

A synthetic graft in ACL reconstruction is an artificial ligament crafted from strong materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or carbon fiber, used to replace a damaged anterior cruciate ligament. Unlike traditional tissue grafts, it avoids the need for tissue harvesting, minimizing surgical time and post-operative discomfort. These grafts are engineered for superior strength, flexibility, and biocompatibility, enabling faster recovery and early return to physical activity. Advanced synthetic grafts also encourage natural tissue integration, which enhances long-term joint stability. They are particularly beneficial for patients undergoing revision surgeries or those who lack suitable donor tissue. With proper surgical technique and rehabilitation, synthetic grafts provide a reliable alternative for restoring knee stability, improving joint function, and reducing the risk of re-injury—allowing individuals to resume active, pain-free lifestyles more quickly.

ACL Reconstruction Using Synthetic Graft

In some cases, instead of using natural tissue, a surgeon may recommend a synthetic graft for ACL reconstruction. This technique uses specially designed artificial fibres to replicate the function of the natural ligament. Modern synthetic grafts, such as the LARS (Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System), offer strong and stable support to the knee.

Types of Grafts Used in ACL Reconstruction

During ACL reconstruction, the torn ligament is replaced with a graft. There are three main types of grafts used:

  1. Autograft – tissue taken from the patient’s own body, such as the hamstring or patellar tendon.
  2. Allograft – tissue taken from a donor.
  3. Synthetic Graft – an artificial ligament made from durable medical-grade fibres.

Symptoms of ACL Injuries

pain

Patients may experience moderate to severe pain in the knee, especially during or after physical activity.

Swelling

Swelling of the knee joint is a common symptom following an ACL injury. It can be significant and may develop within a few hours of the injury.

Instability

Many patients report feelings of knee instability, such as a sense of the knee “giving way” or being unable to support their weight while standing or walking.

Popping Sensation

Some individuals recall hearing or feeling a popping sound or sensation at the time of the ACL injury, which can be a notable symptom.

Limited range of Motion

An injured ACL can limit the range of motion in the knee, making it difficult to fully extend or flex the joint.

Difficulty Walking

Patients often experience difficulty walking, especially when trying to bear weight on the affected leg.

Tenderness

The knee may be tender to the touch, especially around the area where the ACL is located.

Bruising

In some cases, there may be bruising around the knee, which can develop in the days following the injury.

Weakness

Muscle weakness in the quadriceps and hamstrings can develop due to disuse and protective muscle guarding around the injured knee.

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Causes of ACL Injuries

  • Sports-Related Injuries:
    ACL injuries are frequently caused by sports activities, such as soccer, basketball, football, and skiing, where sudden stops, pivots, and twists put excessive strain on the knee.
  • Trauma:
    A direct blow to the knee, like a car accident or a fall, can lead to ACL damage.
  • Overextension:
    Hyperextending the knee joint beyond its natural range of motion can result in ACL injuries.
  • Gender and Hormonal Factors:
    Studies have shown that females are more susceptible to ACL injuries, possibly due to hormonal differences and variations in biomechanics.
  • Muscle Imbalances:
    Weak or imbalanced thigh muscles (quadriceps and hamstrings) can contribute to ACL injuries.
  • Previous ACL Injury:
    Individuals who have previously torn their ACL have an increased risk of re-injury.
  • Playing Surface:
    Uneven playing surfaces or wearing inappropriate footwear can elevate the risk of ACL injuries.
  • Lack of Warm-Up and Conditioning:
    Inadequate warm-up exercises and conditioning can make the knee more susceptible to injury.

What to Expect During Recovery

Recovery after ACL surgery requires patience, dedication, and professional support. The general timeline includes:

  • First 2 Weeks – Pain and swelling management, gentle range of motion exercises.
  • Weeks 3–6 – Improved mobility, weight-bearing, and strengthening exercises.
  • Weeks 7–12 – Return to light physical activities.
  • Months 4–6 – Advanced strengthening, agility training, and gradual return to sports.

Most patients in Nagpur can resume sports within 6–9 months, depending on individual progress.

Treatment Phase of ACL Reconstruction

Preoperative Evaluation:

  • Medical History:
    Your surgeon will review your medical history, including any previous knee injuries or surgeries.
  • Physical Examination:
    A thorough examination of the knee joint to assess stability and identify associated injuries.
  • Imaging:
     X-rays and MRI scans to assess the extent of the ACL injury and any associated damage.

Surgical type:

ACL reconstruction is typically performed arthroscopically, which involves small incisions and the use of a camera for visualization. The procedure involves the following steps:
  • Graft Selection: The surgeon chooses a graft material (autograft or allograft) to replace the torn ACL.
  • Anesthesia: You’ll receive either general or regional anesthesia to ensure comfort during the procedure.
  • Graft Placement: The graft is secured within the knee joint to replace the torn ACL.
  • Rehabilitation:
    Post-surgery, a structured rehabilitation program is essential to regain strength, stability, and range of motion.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

  • Rehabilitation Timeline:
    Physical therapy begins shortly after surgery and continues for several months.
  • Returning to Activity:
    The timing for returning to sports or strenuous activities varies but typically occurs after 6-12 months of rehabilitation.
  • Follow-up:
    Regular check-ups with Dr Nawaid an Orthopedic surgeon to monitor progress and address any concerns.

Benefits of ACL Reconstruction Surgical Treatment

Restored Knee Stability

One of the main benefits of ACL reconstruction is the restoration of knee stability. A torn ACL can lead to significant joint instability, making simple activities like walking, running, and sports participation difficult. By reconstructing the ACL, patients regain stability in their knee, reducing the risk of further injury.

Pain Reduction

ACL tears often cause pain and discomfort. By repairing the ligament, patients experience a significant reduction in knee pain, which can improve their overall quality of life.

Improved Functionality

ACL reconstruction can enhance the functionality of the knee joint. Patients often find it easier to perform daily activities and sports-related tasks without the fear of instability.

Reduced Risk of Secondary Injuries

A torn ACL can lead to secondary injuries such as meniscus tears or cartilage damage. ACL reconstruction can lower the risk of these associated injuries, ultimately preserving the overall health of the knee joint.

Quicker Return to Sports

Athletes who undergo ACL reconstruction can typically return to their sports sooner compared to those who opt for non-surgical treatments or live with the injury. This helps them maintain their physical fitness and competitive edge.

Long-Term Joint Health

ACL reconstruction can help prevent the early development of osteoarthritis in the knee, which is often a consequence of prolonged joint instability and damage.

Minimized Instability-Related Falls

ACL tears can cause instability that leads to falls, which can result in fractures, sprains, or other injuries. Reconstruction reduces the likelihood of such accidents.

Enhanced Quality of Life

By regaining knee stability, functionality, and an active lifestyle, patients often experience an improved overall quality of life.

Psychological Well-Being

ACL reconstruction can have a positive impact on a patient’s mental health, as they regain confidence in their physical abilities and experience reduced anxiety related to their injury.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

ACL reconstruction is recommended for individuals with a completely torn ACL, especially athletes, active adults, or those who experience knee instability, difficulty walking, or frequent “giving way” of the knee.

Patients usually return to light sports activities around 4–6 months post-surgery and full competitive sports between 8–12 months, depending on their recovery progress and the doctor’s advice.

Most patients can expect full recovery within 6–9 months, depending on their age, physical condition, and adherence to physiotherapy. Early recovery includes pain control and gentle movement, followed by strengthening and agility training.

Regular strength training, stretching, proper warm-up, and wearing supportive footwear can significantly reduce the risk of ACL injuries. Avoid sudden twisting or pivoting movements when participating in sports.
Synthetic grafts offer advantages such as reduced surgical time and no donor site pain, but their long-term success depends on the material and patient activity level. In some cases, orthopedic surgeons may still recommend biological grafts for better long-term integration.

What patients are saying

Kashif Ahmed Khan

It has been two years since my ACL and meniscus reconstruction surgery performed by Dr. Nawaid. I’m deeply grateful for your expertise and support throughout the journey.

Harish Shrigri

My name is Harish shrigri from Jabalpur, I have done my ACL and Meniscus surgery in Jabalpur but that Dr wrongly advised me all the exercises and the result was that my knee was not bent proper way and I was so depressed to see my leg and when I started to walking there was limbs in my walking but when I came to know Dr Nawaid Ahmed he emphasized me and told me don’t you will become normal very soon, he gave me advice for physiotherapy and given me the Medicine but I couldn’t believe that really I will be alright or not bcoz I lose the hope.

But as i followed his instructions I am amazed to see my leg is working very nicely almost, I’m 90% healed.

God bless Dr Nawaid Ahmed and his faithful service.

Sakshi Janbandhu

Sir is very experienced, knowledgeable, kind and humble person. I had complete ACL tear of right knee joint and got arthroscopic surgery done by sir. Sir cleared every single doubt regarding the surgery. He made the entire process very easy and his way counselling reduced my anxiety regarding the surgery. I would highly recommend consulting sir for any Orthopaedic issue.

Visual Guide to ACL Reconstruction